. . . . . . . "The syllable \"wi\" in the Hangul script"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Hizkuntza gizakiok dugun komunikazio sistema konplexuak bereganatu eta erabiltzeko gaitasuna da, berariazkoa eta unibertsala. Era berean, hizkuntza jakin bat sistema horren edozein adibide da. Hizkuntza aztertzeaz arduratzen den zientzia hizkuntzalaritza da. Nolanahi ere, hizkuntza adiera anitzeko hitza da. Hizkuntzaz dugun ikuspegiaren arabera, adiera bat edo beste har dezake:"@eu . . . . . . . . . "ManSpec.png"@en . . . . . . . . "Hizkuntza"@eu . . . . . . . "Language"@en . . . "Jazyk je syst\u00E9m slou\u017E\u00EDc\u00ED jako z\u00E1kladn\u00ED prost\u0159edek lidsk\u00E9 komunikace. Krom\u011B funkce dorozum\u00EDvac\u00ED m\u016F\u017Ee plnit dal\u0161\u00ED funkce, nap\u0159. apelovou (m\u016F\u017Ee slou\u017Eit k p\u0159ed\u00E1v\u00E1n\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDkaz\u016F), referen\u010Dn\u00ED (odkazuje se na \u010Dasov\u00E9 nebo prostorov\u00E9 vztahy), , expresivn\u00ED (emotivn\u00ED), estetickou (poetickou) a metajazykovou. Odhadovan\u00FD po\u010Det jazyk\u016F na sv\u011Bt\u011B kol\u00EDs\u00E1 mezi p\u011Bti a sedmi tis\u00EDci. V mnoha p\u0159\u00EDpadech je obt\u00ED\u017En\u00E9 rozli\u0161it mezi jazykem a dialektem; p\u0159esn\u00FD odhad je tedy z\u00E1visl\u00FD na pou\u017Eit\u00FDch metod\u00E1ch \u010Di stanoven\u00FDch krit\u00E9ri\u00EDch. Akademikov\u00E9 se shoduj\u00ED, \u017Ee do konce tohoto stolet\u00ED vymiz\u00ED na pades\u00E1t a\u017E devades\u00E1t procent sou\u010Dasn\u00FDch \u017Eiv\u00FDch jazyk\u016F. Mluven\u00FD jazyk m\u00E1 ale i sv\u00E9 limity, kter\u00E9 naopak nemus\u00ED m\u00EDt znakov\u00FD jazyk."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Il linguaggio \u00E8 la facolt\u00E0 di attivare un processo di comunicazione tra due o pi\u00F9 individui di una specie animale attraverso un complesso definito di suoni, gesti e simboli di significato comune ad uno specifico ambiente di interazione."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Linguagem pode se referir tanto \u00E0 capacidade especificamente humana para aquisi\u00E7\u00E3o e utiliza\u00E7\u00E3o de sistemas complexos de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o, quanto a uma inst\u00E2ncia espec\u00EDfica de um sistema de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o complexo[3]. O estudo cient\u00EDfico da linguagem, em qualquer um de seus sentidos, \u00E9 chamado lingu\u00EDstica[4]."@pt . . . . . . . . "Bahasa"@in . "\u039F \u03CC\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03C5\u03C1\u03AF\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C6\u03B5\u03C1\u03B8\u03BF\u03CD\u03BC\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03C4\u03C1\u03CC\u03C0\u03BF \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2, \u03B9\u03B4\u03AF\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B8\u03C1\u03CE\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5, \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03AC \u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C0\u03C4\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B5\u03C7\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B7 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B8\u03C1\u03CE\u03C0\u03B9\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03C3\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03AC\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD (\u03BC\u03B9\u03BC\u03CC\u03B3\u03BB\u03C9\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1, \u03C4\u03C5\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BC\u03B1\u03B8\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BB\u03B7\u03C1\u03BF\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE, \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03BF\u03CD, \u03C3\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B6\u03CE\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA.\u03BB\u03C0.)."@el . . . . . . . . . . . . "yes"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u3053\u306E\u8A18\u4E8B\u3067\u306F\u8A00\u8A9E\uFF08\u3052\u3093\u3054\uFF09\u3001\u7279\u306B\u81EA\u7136\u8A00\u8A9E\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8FF0\u3079\u308B\u3002"@ja . "Linguaggio"@it . . . . "Spectrogram of American English vowels showing the formants f1 and f2"@en . "Lenguaje"@es . "Atlas of languages"@en . "A language is a structured system of communication. Language, in a broader sense, is the method of communication that involves the use of \u2013 particularly human \u2013 languages. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated at least since Gorgias and Plato in ancient Greece. Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought. Twentieth century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language. Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky. Estimates of the number of human languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000. However, any precise estimate depends on the arbitrary distinction (dichotomy) between languages and dialect. Natural languages are spoken or signed, but any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory, visual, or tactile stimuli \u2013 for example, in writing, whistling, signing, or braille. This is because human language is modality-independent. Depending on philosophical perspectives regarding the definition of language and meaning, when used as a general concept, \"language\" may refer to the cognitive ability to learn and use systems of complex communication, or to describe the set of rules that makes up these systems, or the set of utterances that can be produced from those rules. All languages rely on the process of semiosis to relate signs to particular meanings. Oral, manual and tactile languages contain a phonological system that governs how symbols are used to form sequences known as words or morphemes, and a syntactic system that governs how words and morphemes are combined to form phrases and utterances. Human language has the properties of productivity and displacement, and relies entirely on social convention and learning. Its complex structure affords a much wider range of expressions than any known system of animal communication. Language is thought to have originated when early hominins started gradually changing their primate communication systems, acquiring the ability to form a theory of other minds and a shared intentionality. This development is sometimes thought to have coincided with an increase in brain volume, and many linguists see the structures of language as having evolved to serve specific communicative and social functions. Language is processed in many different locations in the human brain, but especially in Broca's and Wernicke's areas. Humans acquire language through social interaction in early childhood, and children generally speak fluently by approximately three years old. The use of language is deeply entrenched in human culture. Therefore, in addition to its strictly communicative uses, language also has many social and cultural uses, such as signifying group identity, social stratification, as well as social grooming and entertainment. Languages evolve and diversify over time, and the history of their evolution can be reconstructed by comparing modern languages to determine which traits their ancestral languages must have had in order for the later developmental stages to occur. A group of languages that descend from a common ancestor is known as a language family. The Indo-European family is the most widely spoken and includes languages as diverse as English, Russian and Hindi; the Sino-Tibetan family includes Mandarin and the other Chinese languages, Bodo and Tibetan; the Afro-Asiatic family includes Arabic, Somali, and Hebrew; the Bantu languages include Swahili, and Zulu, and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout Africa; and the Malayo-Polynesian languages include Indonesian, Malay, Tagalog, and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout the Pacific. The languages of the Dravidian family, spoken mostly in Southern India, include Tamil, Telugu and Kannada. Academic consensus holds that between 50% and 90% of languages spoken at the beginning of the 21st century will probably have become extinct by the year 2100."@en . . . . . . . . . "Un lenguaje (del provenzal lenguatge\u200B y del lat\u00EDn lingua) es un sistema de comunicaci\u00F3n estructurado para el que existe un contexto de uso y ciertos principios combinatorios formales. Existen contextos tanto naturales como artificiales. Desde un punto de vista m\u00E1s amplio, la comunicaci\u00F3n indica una caracter\u00EDstica com\u00FAn a los humanos y a otros animales (animales no simb\u00F3licos) para expresar experiencias mediante el uso de se\u00F1ales y sonidos registrados por los \u00F3rganos de los sentidos. Los seres humanos desarrollan un lenguaje simb\u00F3lico complejo que se expresa con secuencias sonoras y signos gr\u00E1ficos. Por su parte, los animales se comunican a trav\u00E9s de signos sonoros, olfativos y corporales que en muchos casos distan de ser sencillos. \n* El lenguaje humano se basa en la capacidad de los seres humanos para comunicarse por medio de signos ling\u00FC\u00EDsticos (usualmente secuencias sonoras, pero tambi\u00E9n gestos y se\u00F1as, as\u00ED como signos gr\u00E1ficos). Principalmente, lo hacemos utilizando el signo ling\u00FC\u00EDstico. Aun as\u00ED, hay diversos tipos de lenguaje. En cuanto a su desarrollo, el lenguaje humano puede estudiarse desde dos puntos de vista complementarios: la ontogenia y la filogenia. La primera analiza el proceso por el cual el ser humano adquiere el lenguaje, mientras que la segunda se encarga de estudiar la evoluci\u00F3n hist\u00F3rica de una lengua.\u200B \n* La comunicaci\u00F3n animal se basa en el uso de se\u00F1ales visuales, sonoras y olfativas, a modo de signos, para se\u00F1alar a un referente o un significado diferente de dichas se\u00F1ales. Dentro de las formas de comunicaci\u00F3n animal (popularmente denominadas \u201Clenguaje animal\u201D) est\u00E1n los gritos de alarma, el , etc. \n* Los lenguajes formales son construcciones artificiales humanas que se usan en matem\u00E1tica y otras disciplinas formales, incluyendo lenguajes de programaci\u00F3n. Estas construcciones tienen estructuras internas que comparten con el lenguaje humano natural, por lo que pueden ser en parte analizados con los mismos conceptos que este. Aunque casi hasta finales de siglo XX se establec\u00EDa taxativamente una diferencia absoluta entre el lenguaje humano y la comunicaci\u00F3n animal, la acumulaci\u00F3n de gran cantidad de estudios[cita requerida] (especialmente etol\u00F3gicos)sugieren que muchos animales no humanos, especialmente con \u00E1reas cerebrales corticales muy o bastante desarrolladas (bonobos, chimpanc\u00E9s y otros primates, as\u00ED como cet\u00E1ceos -especialmente delfinidos-, aves -especialmente loros, cuervos, palomas, elefantes, perros, gatos, equinos etc.) poseen formas de comunicaci\u00F3n bastante m\u00E1s complejas (y m\u00E1s cercanos al lenguaje humano) que el supuesto por P\u00E1vlov y los reflejos condicionados o los conductistas anglosajones que todo lo reduc\u00EDan las actividades ps\u00EDquicas a un mero circuito reflejo mecanicista de est\u00EDmulo-respuesta. En rigor, P\u00E1vlov no era tan mecanicista, pero supon\u00EDa al lenguaje de los animales no humanos como correspondiente a un condicionamiento cl\u00E1sico o (basado principalmente en el est\u00EDmulo respuesta tras la reiteraci\u00F3n de un est\u00EDmulo que se asocia una \"recompensa\" [que implica al ] o a la ausencia de la misma que genera un h\u00E1bito o habitus, condicionamiento que es tambi\u00E9n com\u00FAn a la inmensa mayor\u00EDa de los humanos) mientras que para el ser humano, P\u00E1vlov supone un que es un respecto al primero y que es el lenguaje humano que es heur\u00EDstico al estar abierto respecto al ciclo de est\u00EDmulo-respuesta.\u200B La facultad del lenguaje no es el resultado de un aprendizaje, sino que es cong\u00E9nita, es decir, nace con el ser humano.\u200B Adem\u00E1s, se presenta de igual manera en todos los seres humanos, independientemente del momento hist\u00F3rico y del lugar geogr\u00E1fico, es decir, es universal.\u200B Las lenguas pueden aprenderse y olvidarse, pero la capacidad del lenguaje no.\u200B"@es . . . . . . "Llenguatge"@ca . . . "\u041C\u043E\u0432\u0430"@uk . . "\u041C\u043E\u0301\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0432, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0456 \u043C\u0430\u0454 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F; \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438 \u043D\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0457\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u044F\u043A \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043F\u0456\u043B\u043A\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F.\u041C\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0441\u043F\u0456\u043B\u043A\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0456 \u043F\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F. \u0417\u0430 \u0414\u0421\u0422\u0423 2392-94 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0432, \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0443\u0454 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0456, \u044F\u043A \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E, \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B. \u0420\u043E\u0437\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u044F\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0443, \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443 \u0456 \u0442\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0443 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438. \u041D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0430, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u044E."@uk . "Tepantitla mural, Ballplayer A .jpg"@en . . "981932998"^^ . . . "150"^^ . "Linguagem pode se referir tanto \u00E0 capacidade especificamente humana para aquisi\u00E7\u00E3o e utiliza\u00E7\u00E3o de sistemas complexos de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o, quanto a uma inst\u00E2ncia espec\u00EDfica de um sistema de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o complexo[3]. O estudo cient\u00EDfico da linguagem, em qualquer um de seus sentidos, \u00E9 chamado lingu\u00EDstica[4]. Atualmente, entre 3000 e 6000 l\u00EDnguas s\u00E3o usadas pela esp\u00E9cie humana, e um n\u00FAmero muito maior era usado no passado. As l\u00EDnguas naturais s\u00E3o os exemplos mais marcantes que temos de linguagem. Outros tipos de linguagem se baseiam na observa\u00E7\u00E3o visual e auditiva, como as l\u00EDnguas de sinais e a escrita. Os c\u00F3digos e outros sistemas de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o constru\u00EDdos artificialmente, como aqueles usados \u200B\u200Bpara programa\u00E7\u00E3o de computadores, tamb\u00E9m podem ser chamados de linguagens \u2013 a linguagem, nesse sentido, \u00E9 um sistema de sinais para codifica\u00E7\u00E3o e decodifica\u00E7\u00E3o de informa\u00E7\u00F5es. A palavra portuguesa deriva do franc\u00EAs antigo langage[nota 1]. Quando usada como um conceito geral, a palavra \"linguagem\" refere-se a uma faculdade cognitiva que permite aos seres humanos aprender e usar sistemas de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o complexos. A linguagem humana enquanto sistema de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 fundamentalmente diferente e muito mais complexa do que as formas de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o das outras esp\u00E9cies. Ela se baseia em um diversificado sistema de regras relativas a s\u00EDmbolos para os seus significados, resultando em um n\u00FAmero indefinido de poss\u00EDveis express\u00F5es inovadoras a partir de um finito n\u00FAmero de elementos. De acordo com os especialistas, a linguagem pode ter se originado quando os primeiros homin\u00EDdeos come\u00E7aram a cooperar, adaptando sistemas anteriores de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o baseados em sinais expressivos a fim de incluir a teoria da mente, compartilhando assim intencionalidade. Nessa linha, o desenvolvimento da linguagem pode ter coincidido com o aumento do volume do c\u00E9rebro, e muitos linguistas acreditam que as estruturas da linguagem evolu\u00EDram a fim de servir a fun\u00E7\u00F5es comunicativas espec\u00EDficas. A linguagem \u00E9 processada em v\u00E1rios locais diferentes do c\u00E9rebro humano, mas especialmente na \u00E1rea de Broca e na \u00C1rea de Wernicke[5]. Os seres humanos adquirem a linguagem atrav\u00E9s da intera\u00E7\u00E3o social na primeira inf\u00E2ncia. As crian\u00E7as geralmente j\u00E1 falam fluentemente quando est\u00E3o em torno dos tr\u00EAs anos de idade[6]. O uso da linguagem tornou-se profundamente enraizado na cultura humana para comunicar e compartilhar informa\u00E7\u00F5es, mas tamb\u00E9m como express\u00E3o de identidade e de estratifica\u00E7\u00E3o social, para manuten\u00E7\u00E3o da unidade em uma comunidade e para o entretenimento. A palavra \"linguagem\" tamb\u00E9m pode ser usada para descrever o conjunto de regras que torna isso poss\u00EDvel, ou o conjunto de enunciados que pode produzir essas regras. Todas as l\u00EDnguas contam com o processo de semiose, que relaciona um sinal com um determinado significado. L\u00EDnguas faladas e l\u00EDnguas de sinais cont\u00EAm um sistema fonol\u00F3gico que rege a forma como os sons ou os s\u00EDmbolos visuais s\u00E3o articulados a fim de formar as sequ\u00EAncias conhecidas como palavras ou morfemas; al\u00E9m de um sistema sint\u00E1tico para reger a forma como as palavras e os morfemas s\u00E3o utilizados a fim de formar frases e enunciados. L\u00EDnguas escritas usam s\u00EDmbolos visuais para representar os sons das l\u00EDnguas faladas, mas elas ainda necessitam de regras sint\u00E1ticas que governem a produ\u00E7\u00E3o de sentido a partir da sequ\u00EAncias das palavras. As l\u00EDnguas evoluem e se diversificam ao longo do tempo. Por isso, sendo a l\u00EDngua uma realidade essencialmente vari\u00E1vel, n\u00E3o h\u00E1 formas de falar intrinsecamente erradas. A no\u00E7\u00E3o de certo e errado tem origem na sociedade, n\u00E3o na estrutura da l\u00EDngua[7][8][9]. A hist\u00F3ria de sua evolu\u00E7\u00E3o pode ser reconstru\u00EDda a partir de compara\u00E7\u00F5es com as l\u00EDnguas modernas, determinando assim quais caracter\u00EDsticas as l\u00EDnguas ancestrais devem ter tido para as etapas posteriores terem ocorrido. Um grupo de idiomas que descende de um ancestral comum \u00E9 conhecido como fam\u00EDlia lingu\u00EDstica. As l\u00EDnguas mais faladas no mundo atualmente s\u00E3o as pertencentes \u00E0 fam\u00EDlia indo-europeia, que inclui o ingl\u00EAs, o espanhol, o portugu\u00EAs, o russo e o hindi; as sino-tibetanas, que incluem o chin\u00EAs, mandarim, canton\u00EAs e outras; as sem\u00EDticas, que incluem o \u00E1rabe, o malt\u00EAs, o am\u00E1rico e o hebraico; e as bantu, que incluem o sua\u00EDli, o zulu, o shona e centenas de outras l\u00EDnguas faladas em toda a \u00C1frica."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "high-visibility article with history of unconstructive edits; half a dozen reversions in less than a month"@en . . . . . . . . . . "El llenguatge \u00E9s la facultat de poder comunicar els propis pensaments o sentiments a un receptor o interlocutor mitjan\u00E7ant un sistema o codi determinat de signes interpretable per a l'entitat emissora i la receptora. Per aix\u00F2, el llenguatge t\u00E9 un aspecte individual i un aspecte social. Es d\u00F3na llenguatge sempre que dos individus, havent atribu\u00EFt convencionalment un cert sentit a un acte determinat, l'executen amb finalitat de comunicar-se entre ells. Tres disciplines estudien b\u00E0sicament el llenguatge: la filologia (que tamb\u00E9 s'ocupa de les lleng\u00FCes concretes), la filosofia i la semi\u00F2tica."@ca . . . . . . . "\u041C\u043E\u0301\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0432, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0456 \u043C\u0430\u0454 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F; \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438 \u043D\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0457\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u044F\u043A \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043F\u0456\u043B\u043A\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F.\u041C\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0441\u043F\u0456\u043B\u043A\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0456 \u043F\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F. \u0417\u0430 \u0414\u0421\u0422\u0423 2392-94 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0432, \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0443\u0454 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0456, \u044F\u043A \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E, \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B. \u0420\u043E\u0437\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u044F\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0443, \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443 \u0456 \u0442\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0443 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438. \u041D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0430, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u044E."@uk . . . . . "200"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Spr\u00E5k"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . "220"^^ . . "Spr\u00E5k, eller tungom\u00E5l, \u00E4r en del av de olika system f\u00F6r kommunikation, som anv\u00E4nds av oss m\u00E4nniskor och som vi b\u00F6rjar till\u00E4gna oss stora bitar av redan under de f\u00F6rsta levnads\u00E5ren. Barn l\u00E4r sig anv\u00E4nda spr\u00E5k lika naturligt, som de l\u00E4r sig att g\u00E5. Spr\u00E5ket kommuniceras exempelvis via talat spr\u00E5k, teckenspr\u00E5k, kognitioner och skrift, vilka \u00E4r b\u00E4rare av spr\u00E5k i en rad olika kommunikationssystem. Begreppet spr\u00E5k har tv\u00E5 n\u00E4ra sammanbundna men \u00E4nd\u00E5 separata betydelser; dels syftar det p\u00E5 det m\u00E4nskliga spr\u00E5ket som fenomen, dels syftar det p\u00E5 det enskilda spr\u00E5ket, kommunikationssystemet f\u00F6r en avgr\u00E4nsad grupp m\u00E4nniskor, till exempel svenska."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u042F\u0437\u044B\u0301\u043A \u2014 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0449\u0430\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043F\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0435 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 (\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435). \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u00AB\u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u00BB, \u043F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u0432 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043C\u044B\u0441\u043B\u0435, \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043A \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u043C \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u043C, \u0445\u043E\u0442\u044F \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u043E\u043D \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0437\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0432 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442: \u042F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 (\u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435). \u0417\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043C\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0435\u043C\u0438\u043E\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438. \u0412\u043B\u0438\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044B \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043C\u044B\u0448\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439."@ru . . . . . . "Hizkuntza gizakiok dugun komunikazio sistema konplexuak bereganatu eta erabiltzeko gaitasuna da, berariazkoa eta unibertsala. Era berean, hizkuntza jakin bat sistema horren edozein adibide da. Hizkuntza aztertzeaz arduratzen den zientzia hizkuntzalaritza da. Nolanahi ere, hizkuntza adiera anitzeko hitza da. Hizkuntzaz dugun ikuspegiaren arabera, adiera bat edo beste har dezake: 1. \n* hizkuntza zeinu hostunek edo hotsik gabekoek osatutako sistema; 2. \n* gizakiak gainerako gizakiekin komunikatu ahal izateko sistema hori erabiltzeko duen gaitasuna; 3. \n* erkidego batek komunikatzeko erabili ohi duen zeinuz osatutako kodea; 4. \n* erkidego batek pentsatzeko erabili ohi duen zeinuz osatutako kodea; 5. \n* erkidego batek kultur transmisiorako erabili ohi duen zeinuz osatutako kodea. Ikuspuntu zabalago batetik ikusita, hizkuntzak gizaki eta beste animalia batzuek arteko ezaugarria erakusten du, beraien esperientziak adierazi eta besteei komunikatzeko, ikur, seinale eta soinuak erabiliz. Gizakiek hizkuntza konplexu bat garatu dute sekuentzia sonoro eta ikur grafikoen bitartez adierazten dena. Beste aldetik, animaliek soinua, usaina eta gorputza erabiltzen dute; simpleagoa dirudien arren, simplea izatetik oso urrun dago. Hizkuntza gaitasuna ez da ikasketaren ondorioa, jaiotzatik dator; hau da, gizakiarekin batera jaiotzen da. Gainera, berdin aurkezten da gizaki guztietan, ondorioz, unibertsala dela esan dezakegu. Hizkuntzak ikasi eta ahaztu egin daitezke, baina hizkuntza gaitasuna ez. Ferdinand de Saussurerentzat eta estrukturalistentzat erlazio sistema gisa hartu behar da hizkuntza. Sisteman duen tokiaren arabera, hots, beste unitateekin dituen harremanen arabera definitua da hizkuntza unitate bakoitza (fonema, morfema, sintagma). Beren baitatik kanpo dagoen sistema hori ikasi eta erabiltzen dute hiztunek. Gizarteak sortu duen zer abstraktua da hizkuntza, hiztunek baliatzen dutelarik hizketan mamitzen dena. Noam Chomskyren ildotik sortu den hizkuntz teoriaren arabera, berriz, hizkuntza mintzamena da, esan nahi baitu giza banakoek beren baitan sortzez duten mintzatzeko gaitasun berezia. Ikusmolde horretan, izaera psikikoa du, bera, hizkuntzak, hiztunek ingurumenaren arabera garatzen baitute beren baitako hizkuntz gaitasuna."@eu . . "A mural in Teotihuacan, Mexico depicting a person emitting a speech scroll from his mouth, symbolizing speech"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "KSL wi.jpg"@en . . . . "Cuneiform is the first known form of written language, but spoken language predates writing by at least tens of thousands of years."@en . . . . . "A spectrogram showing the sound of the spoken English word \"man\", which is written phonetically as . Note that in flowing speech, there is no clear division between segments, only a smooth transition as the vocal apparatus moves."@en . . "Girls learning sign language.jpg"@en . . "\uC5B8\uC5B4(\u8A00\u8A9E)\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC815\uC758\uB294 \uC5EC\uB7EC\uAC00\uC9C0 \uC2DC\uB3C4\uAC00 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC544\uB798\uB294 \uADF8\uB7EC\uD55C \uC608\uC758 \uC77C\uBD80\uC774\uB2E4. 1. \n* \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC774 \uC790\uC2E0\uC758 \uBA38\uB9AC \uC18D\uC5D0 \uC788\uB294 \uC0DD\uAC01\uC744 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC0AC\uB78C\uC5D0\uAC8C \uB098\uD0C0\uB0B4\uB294 \uCCB4\uACC4. 2. \n* \uC0AC\uBB3C, \uD589\uB3D9, \uC0DD\uAC01, \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uB97C \uB098\uD0C0\uB0B4\uB294 \uCCB4\uACC4. 3. \n* \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC774 \uC790\uC2E0\uC774 \uAC00\uC9C0\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \uC0DD\uAC01\uC744 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC5D0\uAC8C \uC804\uB2EC\uD558\uB294 \uB370 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uBC29\uBC95. 4. \n* \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uACF5\uC720\uB418\uB294 \uC758\uBBF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uCCB4\uACC4. 5. \n* \uBB38\uBC95\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB9DE\uB294 \uB9D0\uC758 \uC9D1\uD569(\uC808\uB300\uC801\uC774 \uC544\uB2D8). 6. \n* \uC5B8\uC5B4 \uACF5\uB3D9\uCCB4 \uB0B4\uC5D0\uC11C \uC774\uD574\uB420 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uB9D0\uC758 \uC9D1\uD569. \uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559\uC740 \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC5B8\uC5B4\uAC00 \uBC1C\uD604\uB418\uB294 \uBD80\uBD84, \uC989 \uC74C\uC131, \uC758\uBBF8, \uBB38\uBC95, \uD615\uD0DC \uB4F1\uC744 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uB3C4 \uC788\uACE0, \uC5B8\uC5B4 \uC790\uCCB4\uB97C \uC5F0\uAD6C\uB300\uC0C1\uC73C\uB85C \uC0BC\uC544 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uAC00\uC9C0 \uBC29\uBC95\uC73C\uB85C \uC811\uADFC\uD558\uBA70 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uB294 \uD559\uBB38, \uC989 \uBE44\uAD50\uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559, \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC720\uD615\uD559(\uC720\uD615\uB860) \uB4F1\uAE4C\uC9C0\uB97C \uD3EC\uAD04\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB294 \uC790\uC5F0\uC5B4\uC640 \uC778\uACF5\uC5B4\uB85C \uB098\uB20C \uC218 \uC788\uB294\uB370, \uC790\uC5F0\uC5B4\uB294 \uC778\uB958\uC758 \uAC01 \uBBFC\uC871\uC774 \uC624\uB798\uC804\uBD80\uD130 \uC0DD\uD65C \uC18D\uC5D0\uC11C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD574 \uC654\uB358 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC774\uACE0, \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130\uB098 \uC218\uD559 \uB4F1 \uB2E4\uB978 \uD559\uBB38\uC758 \uBD84\uC57C\uC5D0\uC11C \uC0C1\uD638 \uD6A8\uACFC\uC801\uC778 \uC758\uC0AC\uAD50\uD658\uC744 \uC704\uD574 \uACE0\uC548\uB41C \uAC83\uC744 \uC778\uACF5\uC5B4\uB77C\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . . . "Cuneiform script2.png"@en . . . "right"@en . . . . . . . . . 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\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03CD\u03C0\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 Max Weinrich, \u00AB\u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03CC \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03CC\u03BB\u03BF\u00BB, \u03B5\u03BD\u03CE \u2014\u03C3\u03CD\u03BC\u03C6\u03C9\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03CD\u03C0\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7\u2014 \u00AB\u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B7\u03C4\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B7 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1\". \u03A0\u03B9\u03B8\u03B1\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1, \u00AB\u03CC\u03BB\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03CC\u03C3\u03BC\u03BF\u03C5, \u03C3\u03B5 \u03CC\u03BB\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2, \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03CE\u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03B9\u03BD \u03C7\u03B9\u03BB\u03B9\u03AC\u03B4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C7\u03C1\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03B1 \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03C0\u03B1\u03B3\u03BA\u03CC\u03C3\u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1\u00BB."@el . . . . . "Un lenguaje (del provenzal lenguatge\u200B y del lat\u00EDn lingua) es un sistema de comunicaci\u00F3n estructurado para el que existe un contexto de uso y ciertos principios combinatorios formales. Existen contextos tanto naturales como artificiales. La facultad del lenguaje no es el resultado de un aprendizaje, sino que es cong\u00E9nita, es decir, nace con el ser humano.\u200B Adem\u00E1s, se presenta de igual manera en todos los seres humanos, independientemente del momento hist\u00F3rico y del lugar geogr\u00E1fico, es decir, es universal.\u200B Las lenguas pueden aprenderse y olvidarse, pero la capacidad del lenguaje no.\u200B"@es . . . . . "Bahasa (dari bahasa Sanskerta \u092D\u093E\u0937\u093E, bh\u0101\u1E63\u0101) adalah kemampuan yang dimiliki manusia untuk berkomunikasi dengan manusia lainnya menggunakan tanda, misalnya kata dan gerakan. Kajian ilmiah bahasa disebut ilmu linguistik. Perkiraan jumlah bahasa di dunia beragam antara 6.000\u20137.000 bahasa. Namun, perkiraan tepatnya bergantung pada suatu perubahan sembarang yang mungkin terjadi antara bahasa dan dialek. Bahasa alami adalah bicara atau bahasa isyarat, tetapi setiap bahasa dapat disandikan ke dalam media kedua menggunakan stimulus audio, visual, atau taktil, sebagai contohnya, tulisan grafis, braille, atau siulan. Hal ini karena bahasa manusia bersifat independen terhadap modalitas. Sebagai konsep umum, \"bahasa\" bisa mengacu pada kemampuan kognitif untuk dapat mempelajari dan menggunakan sistem komunikasi yang kompleks, atau untuk menjelaskan sekumpulan aturan yang membentuk sistem tersebut atau sekumpulan pengucapan yang dapat dihasilkan dari aturan-aturan tersebut. Semua bahasa bergantung pada proses semiosis untuk menghubungkan dengan tertentu. Bahasa lisan dan bahasa isyarat memiliki sebuah sistem fonologis yang mengatur bagaimana simbol digunakan untuk membentuk urutan yang dikenal sebagai kata atau morfem, dan suatu sistem sintaks yang mengatur bagaimana kata-kata dan morfem digabungkan untuk membentuk frasa dan penyebutan. Bahasa manusia unik karena memiliki sifat-sifat , , dan pergeseran, dan karena secara keseluruhan bahasa manusia bergantung pula pada konvensi serta edukasi sosial. Strukturnya yang kompleks mampu memberikan kemungkinan ekspresi dan penggunaan yang lebih luas daripada sistem komunikasi hewan yang diketahui. Sejak zaman hominin, bahasa diperkirakan mulai secara bertahap mengubah sistem komunikasi antarprimata. Primata kemudian mulai memperoleh kemampuan untuk membentuk suatu teori pikiran dan . Perkembangan tersebut terkadang diperkirakan bersamaan dengan meningkatnya volume otak, dan banyak ahli bahasa berpendapat bahwa struktur bahasa berkembang untuk melayani fungsi sosial dan komunikatif tertentu. Bahasa diproses pada banyak lokasi yang berbeda pada , terutama di area Broca dan area Wernicke. Manusia mengakuisisi bahasa lewat interaksi sosial pada masa balita, dan anak-anak sudah dapat berbicara secara fasih kurang lebih pada umur tiga tahun.Penggunaan bahasa telah berakar dalam kultur manusia. Oleh karena itu, selain digunakan untuk berkomunikasi, bahasa juga memiliki banyak fungsi sosial dan kultural, misalnya untuk menandakan suatu kelompok, stratifikasi sosial, dan untuk dan hiburan. Bahasa-bahasa berubah dan bervariasi sepanjang waktu, dan sejarah evolusinya dapat direkonstruksi ulang dengan bahasa modern untuk menentukan sifat-sifat mana yang harus dimiliki oleh bahasa leluhurnya supaya perubahan nantinya dapat terjadi. Sekelompok bahasa yang diturunkan dari leluhur yang sama dikenal sebagai rumpun bahasa. Bahasa yang digunakan dunia sekarang tergolong pada keluarga Indo-Eropa. Termasuk di dalamnya adalah bahasa seperti Inggris, Spanyol, Portugis, Rusia, dan Hindi; Bahasa Sino-Tibet, yang melingkupi Bahasa Mandarin, Cantonese, dan banyak lainnya; Rumpun bahasa Afro-Asiatik yang melingkupi Arab, Amhar, Somali, dan Hebrew; dan bahasa Bantu, yang melingkupi Swahili, Zulu, Shona, dan ratusan bahasa lain yang digunakan di Afrika. Konsensusnya adalah antara 50\u201390% bahasa yang digunakan sejak awal abad ke-21 kemungkinan akan punah pada tahun 2100."@in . . . . . . . . . . "129326"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Le langage est la capacit\u00E9 d'exprimer une pens\u00E9e et de communiquer au moyen d'un syst\u00E8me de signes (vocaux, gestuel, graphiques, tactiles, olfactifs, etc.) dot\u00E9 d'une s\u00E9mantique, et le plus souvent d'une syntaxe \u2014 mais ce n'est pas syst\u00E9matique (la cartographie est un exemple de langage non syntaxique). Fruit d'une acquisition, la langue est une des nombreuses manifestations du langage."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . "Unter Sprache versteht man die Menge, die als Elemente alle \u201Ekomplexen Systeme der Kommunikation\u201C beinhaltet. Der Term wird meist verwendet, um anzuzeigen, dass konkrete Zeichensysteme Elemente dieser Menge sind (z. B. die deutsche Sprache, die Programmiersprache Basic); umgekehrt, um anzuzeigen, dass diese konkreten Zeichensysteme den Eigenschaften einer Definition des Begriffs \u201ESprache\u201C gen\u00FCgen. Eine andere Definition ist: Sprachen sind \u201Edie Systeme von Einheiten und Regeln, die den Mitgliedern von Sprachgemeinschaften als Mittel der Verst\u00E4ndigung dienen\u201C."@de . "Talk"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"Spectrogram -iua-.png"@en . . . . "The sign for \"wi\" in Korean Sign Language"@en . . . . "Maraon le aon choincheap casta, is deacair teanga a shainmh\u00EDni\u00FA go beacht; d\u00B4aont\u00F3dh formh\u00F3r na saineolaithe, \u00E1mh, gur c\u00F3ras aithrise agus cur in i\u00FAl \u00E9, a bhaineann feidhm as samhl\u00FA, maraon le meafar, agus saghas \u00E9igin gramada\u00ED loighci\u00FAil. Baineann a l\u00E1n teangacha feidhm as comhartha\u00ED, fuaimeanna, siombail, n\u00F3 focail, agus cur in i\u00FAl coincheapa, tuairim\u00ED, br\u00EDonna, agus smaointe mar chusp\u00F3ir acu, c\u00E9 go dtagann ceist an neamhchruinnis sa teangeola\u00EDocht chun tosaigh nuair a dh\u00E9antar iarracht idirdheal\u00FA a dh\u00E9anamh ar na tr\u00E9ithe seo."@ga . . . . . . . . . . "Two girls learning American Sign Language"@en . . 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. . . . . . . "Bahasa (dari bahasa Sanskerta \u092D\u093E\u0937\u093E, bh\u0101\u1E63\u0101) adalah kemampuan yang dimiliki manusia untuk berkomunikasi dengan manusia lainnya menggunakan tanda, misalnya kata dan gerakan. Kajian ilmiah bahasa disebut ilmu linguistik. Bahasa lisan dan bahasa isyarat memiliki sebuah sistem fonologis yang mengatur bagaimana simbol digunakan untuk membentuk urutan yang dikenal sebagai kata atau morfem, dan suatu sistem sintaks yang mengatur bagaimana kata-kata dan morfem digabungkan untuk membentuk frasa dan penyebutan."@in . . "Jazyk je syst\u00E9m slou\u017E\u00EDc\u00ED jako z\u00E1kladn\u00ED prost\u0159edek lidsk\u00E9 komunikace. Krom\u011B funkce dorozum\u00EDvac\u00ED m\u016F\u017Ee plnit dal\u0161\u00ED funkce, nap\u0159. apelovou (m\u016F\u017Ee slou\u017Eit k p\u0159ed\u00E1v\u00E1n\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDkaz\u016F), referen\u010Dn\u00ED (odkazuje se na \u010Dasov\u00E9 nebo prostorov\u00E9 vztahy), , expresivn\u00ED (emotivn\u00ED), estetickou (poetickou) a metajazykovou. Mluven\u00FD jazyk m\u00E1 ale i sv\u00E9 limity, kter\u00E9 naopak nemus\u00ED m\u00EDt znakov\u00FD jazyk."@cs . . . . . . . . . . "Taal is in het algemeen elke min of meer complexe vorm van communicatie in de vorm van tekens, die gezamenlijk een systeem vormen. De term kan daarbij betrekking hebben op het systeem als geheel waarvan de tekens de individuele bouwstenen vormen, of op slechts een of enkele van de tekens afzonderlijk. Bij taalbeheersing kan men onderscheiden: \n* passieve taalbeheersing \n* verstaan \n* lezen \n* actieve taalbeheersing \n* spreken \n* schrijven"@nl . . . . . . "Jazyk (lingvistika)"@cs . . . . . . . . "Lingvo estas sistemo de gestoj, signoj, sonoj, simboloj kaj vortoj uzata por reprezenti kaj komuniki ideojn kaj pensojn de homoj. Oni povas distingi inter lingvo \u011Denerale (sen pluralo) kaj unuopaj lingvoj. Aldone, oni anka\u016D uzas la vorton lingvo por paroli pri faklingvoj (ekzemple jura lingva\u0135o), programlingvoj kaj bestaj lingvoj. Lingvo (en la unua signifo) signifas la komunikmanieron de la homoj. Konscia komuniko okazas per sonlingvo, signolingvo a\u016D skriblingvo. La senkonscia komunikado okazas interalie per korpolingvo. Lingvoj (en la dua signifo) estas la diversaj malsamaj komuniksistemoj uzataj de diversaj homaj grupoj. Plej ofte, lingvo apartenas al iu etna grupo, sed tio ne veras por la planlingvoj. Ofte lingvo estas dividita en diversajn dialektojn, kaj ne estas klare, kie unu lingvo fini\u011Das kaj alia komenci\u011Das. La scienco, kiu studas lingvon, nomi\u011Das lingvistiko. Unuflanke ekzistas la kompara lingvistiko, kiu studas la rilatojn inter unuopaj lingvoj kaj klasifikas ilin en lingvofamiliojn. Aliflanke ekzistas la \u011Denerala lingvistiko, kiu studas la ecojn de lingvo \u011Denerale, kaj uzas unuopajn lingvojn nur kiel ekzemplojn por la \u011Denerala teorio pri lingvo."@eo . . . . . "A language is a structured system of communication. Language, in a broader sense, is the method of communication that involves the use of \u2013 particularly human \u2013 languages. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated at least since Gorgias and Plato in ancient Greece. Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought. Twentieth century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language. Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky."@en . . . . . . . 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"Linguagem"@pt . . . . . . "Langage"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Lingvo estas sistemo de gestoj, signoj, sonoj, simboloj kaj vortoj uzata por reprezenti kaj komuniki ideojn kaj pensojn de homoj. Oni povas distingi inter lingvo \u011Denerale (sen pluralo) kaj unuopaj lingvoj. Aldone, oni anka\u016D uzas la vorton lingvo por paroli pri faklingvoj (ekzemple jura lingva\u0135o), programlingvoj kaj bestaj lingvoj. Lingvo (en la unua signifo) signifas la komunikmanieron de la homoj. Konscia komuniko okazas per sonlingvo, signolingvo a\u016D skriblingvo. La senkonscia komunikado okazas interalie per korpolingvo."@eo . "\u042F\u0437\u044B\u043A"@ru . . . . "Lingvo"@eo . . . . "\u0393\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1"@el . . . . "Unter Sprache versteht man die Menge, die als Elemente alle \u201Ekomplexen Systeme der Kommunikation\u201C beinhaltet. Der Term wird meist verwendet, um anzuzeigen, dass konkrete Zeichensysteme Elemente dieser Menge sind (z. B. die deutsche Sprache, die Programmiersprache Basic); umgekehrt, um anzuzeigen, dass diese konkreten Zeichensysteme den Eigenschaften einer Definition des Begriffs \u201ESprache\u201C gen\u00FCgen. Eine andere Definition ist: Sprachen sind \u201Edie Systeme von Einheiten und Regeln, die den Mitgliedern von Sprachgemeinschaften als Mittel der Verst\u00E4ndigung dienen\u201C. Es werden zahlreiche Einzelsprachen unterschieden. Zudem werden sie auf unterschiedlicher Weise unterteilt (z. B. in konstruierte Sprachen und nat\u00FCrliche Sprachen). Beispiele unter Menschen sind die Lautsprache und die K\u00F6rpersprache (Unterschied aufgrund akustischer bzw. optischer Informations\u00FCbertragung). Die wissenschaftliche Disziplin, die sich mit der menschlichen Sprache in umfassender Weise besch\u00E4ftigt, ist die Linguistik (Sprachwissenschaft). Auch im Tierreich existieren Zeichensysteme und kommunikative Handlungen, die als Sprache bezeichnet werden. Sprache und Sprachverwendung sind auch Inhalt anderer Wissenschaften wie Psychologie, Neurologie, Kognitionswissenschaft, Kommunikationswissenschaft, Rhetorik, Philosophie (Sprachphilosophie), Medienwissenschaft, Informatik, Semiotik, Literaturwissenschaft, Sprechwissenschaft, Religionswissenschaft, Theologie, Anthropologie und Ethnologie. Weltweit gibt es ungef\u00E4hr 6.000 Sprachen, wobei laut Sch\u00E4tzungen zufolge ungef\u00E4hr 90 Prozent davon am Ende dieses Jahrhunderts verdr\u00E4ngt sein werden. Im diesbez\u00FCglichen Weltatlas der gef\u00E4hrdeten Sprachen listet die UNESCO alle weltweit vom Aussterben bedrohten Sprachen auf. Mit den erloschenen Sprachen geht aber auch eine kulturelle Vielfalt verloren, denn oft einzigartige Geschichten, Sprichw\u00F6rter oder Sichtweisen verschwinden f\u00FCr immer aus dem kulturellen Ged\u00E4chtnis der Menschheit. Heute wird versucht mit politischen und rechtlichen Initiativen diesem drohenden Verlust entgegenzuwirken. Die Sprache gilt als Kulturgut und unterliegt damit einem internationalen rechtlichen Schutz. Das gerade auch, weil heute Sprachen als symboltr\u00E4chtige Kulturg\u00FCter beziehungsweise als gro\u00DFes und wichtiges kulturelles Erbe einer Gesellschaft im Rahmen vieler Kriege und Konflikte zum Angriffsziel werden."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0644\u063A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . "Taal"@nl . . "\uC5B8\uC5B4"@ko . . . . . . . . "Sprache"@de . . . . . "17524"^^ . "El llenguatge \u00E9s la facultat de poder comunicar els propis pensaments o sentiments a un receptor o interlocutor mitjan\u00E7ant un sistema o codi determinat de signes interpretable per a l'entitat emissora i la receptora. Per aix\u00F2, el llenguatge t\u00E9 un aspecte individual i un aspecte social. Es d\u00F3na llenguatge sempre que dos individus, havent atribu\u00EFt convencionalment un cert sentit a un acte determinat, l'executen amb finalitat de comunicar-se entre ells. Per tant, el llenguatge \u00E9s la capacitat de comunicar-se utilitzant un sistema de signes. Aquesta capacitat es pot expressar mitjan\u00E7ant qualsevol art: m\u00FAsica, dansa, dibuix, escultura, etc. Una llengua o idioma n'\u00E9s una representaci\u00F3 particular no art\u00EDstica. En matem\u00E0tiques i inform\u00E0tica, s'utilitzen tamb\u00E9 llenguatges formals pr\u00E0ctics, com els visuals que inclouen mapes, grafs, gr\u00E0fiques, etc. cient\u00EDfics i tecnol\u00F2gics com el matem\u00E0tic, la l\u00F2gica o algun llenguatge de programaci\u00F3. Tres disciplines estudien b\u00E0sicament el llenguatge: la filologia (que tamb\u00E9 s'ocupa de les lleng\u00FCes concretes), la filosofia i la semi\u00F2tica."@ca . . "Teanga (cumars\u00E1id)"@ga . "\u8A9E\u8A00"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . "Humans have speculated about the origins of language throughout history. The Biblical myth of the Tower of Babel is one such account; other cultures have different stories of how language arose."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Maraon le aon choincheap casta, is deacair teanga a shainmh\u00EDni\u00FA go beacht; d\u00B4aont\u00F3dh formh\u00F3r na saineolaithe, \u00E1mh, gur c\u00F3ras aithrise agus cur in i\u00FAl \u00E9, a bhaineann feidhm as samhl\u00FA, maraon le meafar, agus saghas \u00E9igin gramada\u00ED loighci\u00FAil. Baineann a l\u00E1n teangacha feidhm as comhartha\u00ED, fuaimeanna, siombail, n\u00F3 focail, agus cur in i\u00FAl coincheapa, tuairim\u00ED, br\u00EDonna, agus smaointe mar chusp\u00F3ir acu, c\u00E9 go dtagann ceist an neamhchruinnis sa teangeola\u00EDocht chun tosaigh nuair a dh\u00E9antar iarracht idirdheal\u00FA a dh\u00E9anamh ar na tr\u00E9ithe seo."@ga . . . . . . "Braille writing, a tactile variant of a writing system"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Illu01 head neck.jpg"@en . . . . "Le langage est la capacit\u00E9 d'exprimer une pens\u00E9e et de communiquer au moyen d'un syst\u00E8me de signes (vocaux, gestuel, graphiques, tactiles, olfactifs, etc.) dot\u00E9 d'une s\u00E9mantique, et le plus souvent d'une syntaxe \u2014 mais ce n'est pas syst\u00E9matique (la cartographie est un exemple de langage non syntaxique). Fruit d'une acquisition, la langue est une des nombreuses manifestations du langage."@fr . . . . . "\u8A00\u8A9E"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . "Real time MRI scan of a person speaking in Mandarin Chinese"@en . . "Braille house09.JPG"@en . . . "Taal is in het algemeen elke min of meer complexe vorm van communicatie in de vorm van tekens, die gezamenlijk een systeem vormen. De term kan daarbij betrekking hebben op het systeem als geheel waarvan de tekens de individuele bouwstenen vormen, of op slechts een of enkele van de tekens afzonderlijk. Heel vaak wordt met taal ook meer specifiek het met behulp van het spraakkanaal voortgebrachte communicatiemiddel van de mens bedoeld, dat de vorm heeft van klanken (gesproken taal), naast de geschreven afspiegeling hiervan (geschreven taal). Een van de hoofdkenmerken van dit communicatiesysteem is dat het alleen door de mens kan worden voortgebracht en gebruikt en meestal ook alleen door de mens wordt begrepen. Bij taalbeheersing kan men onderscheiden: \n* passieve taalbeheersing \n* verstaan \n* lezen \n* actieve taalbeheersing \n* spreken \n* schrijven"@nl . "Hangul wi.svg"@en . . "Il linguaggio \u00E8 la facolt\u00E0 di attivare un processo di comunicazione tra due o pi\u00F9 individui di una specie animale attraverso un complesso definito di suoni, gesti e simboli di significato comune ad uno specifico ambiente di interazione. Il linguaggio \u00E8 un codice. Tra tutti i linguaggi utilizzati dagli animali, il codice proprio della specie umana, detto \"lingua\" (o, pi\u00F9 specificamente, \"linguaggio verbale umano\"), ha caratteristiche che lo differenziano grandemente da altri linguaggi animali. Alcuni autori contemporanei definiscono il linguaggio umano come uno strumento del pensiero, di cui la comunicazione \u00E8 solo un accessorio non indispensabile, e le lingue vengono considerate come oggetti biologici e non come utensili progettati dagli esseri umani. Il linguaggio non \u00E8, dunque, prerogativa umana: anche le forme di comunicazione animale sono intese come \"linguaggio\". Ad esempio, gli uccelli comunicano cinguettando, emettendo cio\u00E8 suoni variamente modulati. Le api comunicano attraverso una speciale \"danza\" (la danza delle api). Le scimmie usano gesti e suoni. I cani e alcuni felini comunicano attraverso l'emissione di specifici odori. Alcuni pesci e le formiche comunicano attraverso l'emissione di specifiche sostanza chimiche. In generale, per riferirsi alle forme di comunicazione tra animali, si parla di comunicazione animale."@it . . . . . . "Spr\u00E5k, eller tungom\u00E5l, \u00E4r en del av de olika system f\u00F6r kommunikation, som anv\u00E4nds av oss m\u00E4nniskor och som vi b\u00F6rjar till\u00E4gna oss stora bitar av redan under de f\u00F6rsta levnads\u00E5ren. Barn l\u00E4r sig anv\u00E4nda spr\u00E5k lika naturligt, som de l\u00E4r sig att g\u00E5. Spr\u00E5ket kommuniceras exempelvis via talat spr\u00E5k, teckenspr\u00E5k, kognitioner och skrift, vilka \u00E4r b\u00E4rare av spr\u00E5k i en rad olika kommunikationssystem."@sv . . . "\u042F\u0437\u044B\u0301\u043A \u2014 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0449\u0430\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043F\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0435 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 (\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435). \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u00AB\u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u00BB, \u043F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u0432 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043C\u044B\u0441\u043B\u0435, \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043A \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u043C \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u043C, \u0445\u043E\u0442\u044F \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u043E\u043D \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0437\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0432 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442: \n* \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438 (\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043C\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043B\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438): \n* \u044D\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438, \u0442\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043D\u043E \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044F \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438, \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0435 (\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435) \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044E \u043E\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044C \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044D\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0430 (\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u044D\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u044B \u044D\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432); \n* \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438 (\u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043F\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043D\u044B), \u0442\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043D\u043E \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u044D\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438, \u043D\u0435 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430 \u043D\u0438 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044D\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0430; \n* \u043F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438, \u0442\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0435\u0439 (\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u0432\u043E\u043B\u0430\u043F\u044E\u043A, \u044D\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E); \n* \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438 \u0433\u043B\u0443\u0445\u0438\u0445; \n* \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438: \n* \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u044C\u044E\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438 (\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u0410\u043B\u0433\u043E\u043B, SQL, Python); \n* \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445; \n* \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 (\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0436\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0432). \u042F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 (\u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435). \u0417\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043C\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0435\u043C\u0438\u043E\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438. \u0412\u043B\u0438\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044B \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043C\u044B\u0448\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439."@ru . . . . . . "Pieter Bruegel the Elder - The Tower of Babel - Google Art Project - edited.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC5B8\uC5B4(\u8A00\u8A9E)\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC815\uC758\uB294 \uC5EC\uB7EC\uAC00\uC9C0 \uC2DC\uB3C4\uAC00 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC544\uB798\uB294 \uADF8\uB7EC\uD55C \uC608\uC758 \uC77C\uBD80\uC774\uB2E4. 1. \n* \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC774 \uC790\uC2E0\uC758 \uBA38\uB9AC \uC18D\uC5D0 \uC788\uB294 \uC0DD\uAC01\uC744 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC0AC\uB78C\uC5D0\uAC8C \uB098\uD0C0\uB0B4\uB294 \uCCB4\uACC4. 2. \n* \uC0AC\uBB3C, \uD589\uB3D9, \uC0DD\uAC01, \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uB97C \uB098\uD0C0\uB0B4\uB294 \uCCB4\uACC4. 3. \n* \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC774 \uC790\uC2E0\uC774 \uAC00\uC9C0\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \uC0DD\uAC01\uC744 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC5D0\uAC8C \uC804\uB2EC\uD558\uB294 \uB370 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uBC29\uBC95. 4. \n* \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uACF5\uC720\uB418\uB294 \uC758\uBBF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uCCB4\uACC4. 5. \n* \uBB38\uBC95\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB9DE\uB294 \uB9D0\uC758 \uC9D1\uD569(\uC808\uB300\uC801\uC774 \uC544\uB2D8). 6. \n* \uC5B8\uC5B4 \uACF5\uB3D9\uCCB4 \uB0B4\uC5D0\uC11C \uC774\uD574\uB420 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uB9D0\uC758 \uC9D1\uD569. \uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559\uC740 \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC5B8\uC5B4\uAC00 \uBC1C\uD604\uB418\uB294 \uBD80\uBD84, \uC989 \uC74C\uC131, \uC758\uBBF8, \uBB38\uBC95, \uD615\uD0DC \uB4F1\uC744 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uB3C4 \uC788\uACE0, \uC5B8\uC5B4 \uC790\uCCB4\uB97C \uC5F0\uAD6C\uB300\uC0C1\uC73C\uB85C \uC0BC\uC544 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uAC00\uC9C0 \uBC29\uBC95\uC73C\uB85C \uC811\uADFC\uD558\uBA70 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uB294 \uD559\uBB38, \uC989 \uBE44\uAD50\uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559, \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC720\uD615\uD559(\uC720\uD615\uB860) \uB4F1\uAE4C\uC9C0\uB97C \uD3EC\uAD04\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB294 \uC790\uC5F0\uC5B4\uC640 \uC778\uACF5\uC5B4\uB85C \uB098\uB20C \uC218 \uC788\uB294\uB370, \uC790\uC5F0\uC5B4\uB294 \uC778\uB958\uC758 \uAC01 \uBBFC\uC871\uC774 \uC624\uB798\uC804\uBD80\uD130 \uC0DD\uD65C \uC18D\uC5D0\uC11C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD574 \uC654\uB358 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC774\uACE0, \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130\uB098 \uC218\uD559 \uB4F1 \uB2E4\uB978 \uD559\uBB38\uC758 \uBD84\uC57C\uC5D0\uC11C \uC0C1\uD638 \uD6A8\uACFC\uC801\uC778 \uC758\uC0AC\uAD50\uD658\uC744 \uC704\uD574 \uACE0\uC548\uB41C \uAC83\uC744 \uC778\uACF5\uC5B4\uB77C\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"The Tower of Babel by Pieter Bruegel the Elder. Oil on board, 1563."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "language"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "vertical"@en . . . . "School:Language and Literature"@en . "The human vocal tract."@en . . . . . . . . . "Real-time MRI - Speaking .ogv"@en . .