. "1885-07-08"^^ . . "1977"^^ . "1885"^^ . "Ernst Simon Bloch (German: [\u025B\u0281nst \u02C8bl\u0254x]; July 8, 1885 \u2013 August 4, 1977; pseudonyms: Karl Jahraus, Jakob Knerz) was a German Marxist philosopher. Bloch was influenced by Hegel and Karl Marx, as well as by apocalyptic and religious thinkers such as Thomas M\u00FCntzer, Paracelsus, and Jacob B\u00F6hme. He established friendships with Gy\u00F6rgy Luk\u00E1cs, Bertolt Brecht, Kurt Weill, Walter Benjamin, and Theodor W. Adorno. Bloch's work focuses on an optimistic teleology of the history of mankind."@en . "Ernst Bloch"@en .