create an interactive spirograph to explain how it works
Worked for 1m 12s ›

Drag the radii and pen distance to see how the rolling circle turns into the traced curve.

curve closes after 12 turnsratio 93:36
Pen point: x=(R−r)cos(t)+d cos((R−r)/r)t, y=(R−r)sin(t)−d sin((R−r)/r)t.
traced pen pathfixed ringrolling circle
▱♧♧↗4:39 PM