@base <https://linkeddata.uriburner.com/DAV/demos/daas/constraint-to-economy-claude_sonnet_5_5.ttl> .
@prefix : <https://linkeddata.uriburner.com/DAV/demos/daas/constraint-to-economy-claude_sonnet_5_5.html#> .
@prefix schema: <http://schema.org/> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .

<> a schema:CreativeWork ;
    schema:name "Constraint to Economy: Knowledge Graph Document"@en ;
    schema:description "Turtle companion document describing the Constraint to Economy analysis page. It holds the 15-era table, the six-move pattern, five implications, FAQ, glossary and HowTo as queryable entities."@en ;
    schema:dateCreated "2026-10-09T22:53:35Z"^^xsd:dateTime ;
    schema:dateModified "2026-10-09T22:53:35Z"^^xsd:dateTime ;
    schema:about :analysis ;
    schema:isBasedOn <https://linkeddata.uriburner.com/DAV/demos/daas/constraint-to-economy-claude_sonnet_5_5.html> .

:analysis a schema:Article, schema:WebPage ;
    schema:hasPart :ontology, :constraintFamilies, :erasSection, :movesSection, :implicationsSection, :howtoSection, :faqSection, :glossarySection ;
    schema:name "Constraint to Economy"@en ;
    schema:headline "Every leap removed a constraint. An economy grew in the gap."@en ;
    schema:description "Fifteen technologies, from speech to AI agents, follow one repeating sequence: a constraint is removed, and beneficiaries, a business model, infrastructure, devices and operators grow in the gap."@en ;
    schema:url <https://linkeddata.uriburner.com/DAV/demos/daas/constraint-to-economy-claude_sonnet_5_5.html> ;
    schema:datePublished "2026-10-09"^^xsd:date ;
    schema:isBasedOn :sourceTable ;
    schema:accountablePerson <https://www.linkedin.com/in/kidehen#this> ;
    prov:wasGeneratedBy <https://github.com/OpenLinkSoftware/ai-agent-skills/tree/main/kg-generator#this> .

:sourceTable a schema:Table ;
    schema:name "Technology timeline table"@en ;
    schema:description "The 15-row tabulation supplied with the request: time period, technology, difficulty, application beneficiaries, business model, infrastructure and inputs, hardware and devices, operators and enablers."@en ;
    schema:about :erasSection .

<https://github.com/OpenLinkSoftware/ai-agent-skills/tree/main/kg-generator#this> a schema:SoftwareApplication, prov:SoftwareAgent ;
    schema:name "kg-generator"@en ;
    schema:url <https://github.com/OpenLinkSoftware/ai-agent-skills/tree/main/kg-generator> ;
    schema:description "Knowledge Graph generator skill from the OpenLink ai-agent-skills repository."@en .

<https://www.linkedin.com/in/kidehen#this> a schema:Person ;
    schema:name "Kingsley Uyi Idehen"@en ;
    schema:url <https://www.linkedin.com/in/kidehen> .

:ontology a owl:Ontology ;
    schema:name "Constraint to Economy Ontology"@en ;
    schema:description "A lightweight vocabulary for technology eras, the six-move pattern, constraint families, stages and editorial implications."@en ;
    schema:identifier <https://linkeddata.uriburner.com/DAV/demos/daas/constraint-to-economy-claude_sonnet_5_5.html> ;
    rdfs:label "Constraint to Economy Ontology"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Defines the classes and properties used by the Constraint to Economy knowledge graph."@en ;
    schema:isPartOf :analysis .

:Era a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing ;
    rdfs:label "Era"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "One row of the table: a technology, its period and the six moves that followed it."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:Move a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing ;
    rdfs:label "Move"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "One of the six recurring moves in the pattern: constraint, beneficiaries, business model, infrastructure, hardware, operators."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:ConstraintFamily a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept ;
    rdfs:label "Constraint family"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "An editorial grouping of constraints into five families."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:Implication a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf schema:CreativeWork ;
    rdfs:label "Implication"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "An editorial implication for innovators, read from the table."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:RevenueStage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing ;
    rdfs:label "Revenue stage"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A stage in how revenue is first anchored across eras."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:LayerStage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing ;
    rdfs:label "Layer stage"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A layer in the stack of infrastructure that eras build on."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:OperatorStage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing ;
    rdfs:label "Operator stage"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A step in who holds control as technologies change."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:technology a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :Era ;
    rdfs:range schema:Thing ;
    rdfs:label "technology"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Links an era to the DBpedia entity naming its technology."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:constraintFamily a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :Era ;
    rdfs:range :ConstraintFamily ;
    rdfs:label "constraint family"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Links an era to its constraint family."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:coveredByStage a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :Era ;
    rdfs:range schema:Thing ;
    owl:inverseOf :coversEra ;
    rdfs:label "covered by stage"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Links an era to a revenue, layer or operator stage that covers it."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:coversEra a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain schema:Thing ;
    rdfs:range :Era ;
    owl:inverseOf :coveredByStage ;
    rdfs:label "covers era"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Links a stage to an era it covers."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:evidencedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :Implication ;
    rdfs:range :Era ;
    owl:inverseOf :evidences ;
    rdfs:label "evidenced by"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Links an implication to an era that supports it."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:evidences a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :Era ;
    rdfs:range :Implication ;
    owl:inverseOf :evidencedBy ;
    rdfs:label "evidences"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Links an era to an implication it supports."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:addressesConstraint a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :Era ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:label "addresses constraint"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The difficulty the era's technology removes, as written in the table."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:beneficiaries a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :Era ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:label "beneficiaries"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Application beneficiaries, as written in the table."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:businessModel a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :Era ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:label "business model"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Business model, as written in the table."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:infrastructureInputs a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :Era ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:label "infrastructure inputs"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Infrastructure and inputs, as written in the table."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:hardwareDevices a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :Era ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:label "hardware devices"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Hardware and devices, as written in the table."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:operatorsEnablers a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :Era ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:label "operators enablers"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Operators and enablers, as written in the table."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:landmarkYear a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :Era ;
    rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
    rdfs:label "landmark year"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The single year used to place the era on the timeline. Negative values are BCE."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:constraintLabel a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :Era ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:label "constraint label"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A one- or two-word label for the era's constraint."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy :ontology .

:erasSection a schema:CreativeWork ;
    schema:name "The 15 eras"@en ;
    schema:description "One entity per row of the table, in order."@en ;
    schema:hasPart :era-spoken, :era-writing, :era-manuscripts, :era-printing, :era-steam, :era-telegraphy, :era-combustion, :era-telephone, :era-radio, :era-television, :era-computer, :era-internet, :era-mobile, :era-genai, :era-agents ;
    schema:isPartOf :analysis .

:constraintFamilies a skos:ConceptScheme ;
    rdfs:label "Constraint families"@en ;
    schema:isPartOf :analysis .

:fam-0 a :ConstraintFamily ;
    skos:inScheme :constraintFamilies ;
    skos:prefLabel "Memory and copying"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Memory and copying"@en ;
    schema:position 1 .

:fam-1 a :ConstraintFamily ;
    skos:inScheme :constraintFamilies ;
    skos:prefLabel "Power and motion"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Power and motion"@en ;
    schema:position 2 .

:fam-2 a :ConstraintFamily ;
    skos:inScheme :constraintFamilies ;
    skos:prefLabel "Speed and reach"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Speed and reach"@en ;
    schema:position 3 .

:fam-3 a :ConstraintFamily ;
    skos:inScheme :constraintFamilies ;
    skos:prefLabel "Access"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Access"@en ;
    schema:position 4 .

:fam-4 a :ConstraintFamily ;
    skos:inScheme :constraintFamilies ;
    skos:prefLabel "Expertise and coordination"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Expertise and coordination"@en ;
    schema:position 5 .

:revenue-1 a :RevenueStage ;
    schema:name "Patronage and institutions"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Patronage and institutions"@en ;
    schema:position 1 ;
    :coversEra :era-writing, :era-manuscripts ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:revenue-2 a :RevenueStage ;
    schema:name "Sales and leases"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Sales and leases"@en ;
    schema:position 2 ;
    :coversEra :era-printing, :era-steam, :era-combustion, :era-computer ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:revenue-3 a :RevenueStage ;
    schema:name "Usage fees"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Usage fees"@en ;
    schema:position 3 ;
    :coversEra :era-telegraphy, :era-telephone ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:revenue-4 a :RevenueStage ;
    schema:name "Advertising and licensing"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Advertising and licensing"@en ;
    schema:position 4 ;
    :coversEra :era-radio, :era-television, :era-internet ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:revenue-5 a :RevenueStage ;
    schema:name "Platform commissions"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Platform commissions"@en ;
    schema:position 5 ;
    :coversEra :era-mobile ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:revenue-6 a :RevenueStage ;
    schema:name "Metered use"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Metered use"@en ;
    schema:position 6 ;
    :coversEra :era-genai ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:revenue-7 a :RevenueStage ;
    schema:name "Outcome-based fees (possible)"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Outcome-based fees (possible)"@en ;
    schema:position 7 ;
    :coversEra :era-agents ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:layer-1 a :LayerStage ;
    schema:name "Agents"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Agents"@en ;
    schema:description "Identity, authorized access, tools, workflows"@en ;
    schema:position 1 ;
    :coversEra :era-agents ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:layer-2 a :LayerStage ;
    schema:name "Models and data"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Models and data"@en ;
    schema:description "Training and inference data, trained models"@en ;
    schema:position 2 ;
    :coversEra :era-genai ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:layer-3 a :LayerStage ;
    schema:name "Compute and cloud"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Compute and cloud"@en ;
    schema:description "Data centers, cloud and edge computing"@en ;
    schema:position 3 ;
    :coversEra :era-internet, :era-genai, :era-agents ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:layer-4 a :LayerStage ;
    schema:name "Networks"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Networks"@en ;
    schema:description "Lines, cables, spectrum, towers, protocols"@en ;
    schema:position 4 ;
    :coversEra :era-telegraphy, :era-telephone, :era-radio, :era-television, :era-internet, :era-mobile ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:layer-5 a :LayerStage ;
    schema:name "Power"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Power"@en ;
    schema:description "Electricity"@en ;
    schema:position 5 ;
    :coversEra :era-telegraphy, :era-telephone, :era-radio, :era-television, :era-computer, :era-genai ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:layer-6 a :LayerStage ;
    schema:name "Materials and craft"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Materials and craft"@en ;
    schema:description "Clay, paper, ink, iron, coal, steel, oil"@en ;
    schema:position 6 ;
    :coversEra :era-writing, :era-manuscripts, :era-printing, :era-steam, :era-combustion ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:operator-1 a :OperatorStage ;
    schema:name "Scribes, schools, temples"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Scribes, schools, temples"@en ;
    schema:description "Held the pen"@en ;
    schema:position 1 ;
    :coversEra :era-writing, :era-manuscripts ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:operator-2 a :OperatorStage ;
    schema:name "Printers, publishers"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Printers, publishers"@en ;
    schema:description "Held the press"@en ;
    schema:position 2 ;
    :coversEra :era-printing ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:operator-3 a :OperatorStage ;
    schema:name "Engine makers, railroads"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Engine makers, railroads"@en ;
    schema:description "Held the machine"@en ;
    schema:position 3 ;
    :coversEra :era-steam, :era-combustion ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:operator-4 a :OperatorStage ;
    schema:name "Telegraph, telephone firms"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Telegraph, telephone firms"@en ;
    schema:description "Held the wire"@en ;
    schema:position 4 ;
    :coversEra :era-telegraphy, :era-telephone ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:operator-5 a :OperatorStage ;
    schema:name "Broadcasters, regulators"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Broadcasters, regulators"@en ;
    schema:description "Held the airwaves"@en ;
    schema:position 5 ;
    :coversEra :era-radio, :era-television ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:operator-6 a :OperatorStage ;
    schema:name "Vendors, integrators"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Vendors, integrators"@en ;
    schema:description "Held the system"@en ;
    schema:position 6 ;
    :coversEra :era-computer ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:operator-7 a :OperatorStage ;
    schema:name "Platforms, carriers, app stores"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Platforms, carriers, app stores"@en ;
    schema:description "Held the audience"@en ;
    schema:position 7 ;
    :coversEra :era-internet, :era-mobile ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:operator-8 a :OperatorStage ;
    schema:name "Cloud and model providers"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Cloud and model providers"@en ;
    schema:description "Hold the compute"@en ;
    schema:position 8 ;
    :coversEra :era-genai ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:operator-9 a :OperatorStage ;
    schema:name "Agent runtimes, data-space operators"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Agent runtimes, data-space operators"@en ;
    schema:description "Hold the trust"@en ;
    schema:position 9 ;
    :coversEra :era-agents ;
    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:era-spoken a :Era ;
    schema:name "Spoken language"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Spoken language"@en ;
    schema:position 1 ;
    schema:temporalCoverage "Prehistory; origin undated"@en ;
    :constraintLabel "Presence"@en ;
    :constraintFamily :fam-0 ;
    :technology <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoken_language> ;
    schema:mentions <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoken_language> ;
    :addressesConstraint "Reach ends where voice and memory end."@en ;
    :beneficiaries "Communities, teaching, culture, exchange"@en ;
    :businessModel "None distinct; speech carries teaching, performance and trade."@en ;
    :infrastructureInputs "Shared languages, customs, meeting places"@en ;
    :hardwareDevices "Voice and ears"@en ;
    :operatorsEnablers "Families, teachers, storytellers, leaders"@en ;
    :evidences :implication-1 ;
    schema:isPartOf :erasSection .

:era-writing a :Era ;
    schema:name "Writing"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Writing"@en ;
    schema:position 2 ;
    schema:temporalCoverage "c. 3300–3200 BCE (British Museum)"@en ;
    :landmarkYear -3300 ;
    :constraintLabel "Records"@en ;
    :constraintFamily :fam-0 ;
    :technology <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Writing> ;
    schema:mentions <http://dbpedia.org/resource/British_Museum>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Writing>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Scribe> ;
    :addressesConstraint "Records are hard to keep, verify and carry."@en ;
    :beneficiaries "Government, law, trade, schools, religion"@en ;
    :businessModel "Scribes and record-keeping, paid by institutions"@en ;
    :infrastructureInputs "Scripts, literacy, clay, papyrus, parchment, ink"@en ;
    :hardwareDevices "Styluses, tablets, scrolls"@en ;
    :operatorsEnablers "Scribes, schools, courts, temples, officials"@en ;
    :coveredByStage :revenue-1, :layer-6, :operator-1 ;
    :evidences :implication-1, :implication-2, :implication-3, :implication-4 ;
    schema:isPartOf :erasSection .

:era-manuscripts a :Era ;
    schema:name "Manuscripts"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Manuscripts"@en ;
    schema:position 3 ;
    schema:temporalCoverage "Manuscripts from the first writing; codex from the 1st century CE (Smithsonian)"@en ;
    :landmarkYear 100 ;
    :constraintLabel "Copy cost"@en ;
    :constraintFamily :fam-0 ;
    :technology <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Manuscript>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Codex> ;
    schema:mentions <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Smithsonian_Institution>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Manuscript>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Codex> ;
    :addressesConstraint "Hand copying is slow and costly, so copies are few."@en ;
    :beneficiaries "Scholars, clergy, lawyers, schools, rulers"@en ;
    :businessModel "Commissioned copies, patronage, libraries"@en ;
    :infrastructureInputs "Writing materials, skilled copyists, libraries"@en ;
    :hardwareDevices "Scrolls, codices, pens"@en ;
    :operatorsEnablers "Scribes, monasteries, courts, universities, libraries"@en ;
    :coveredByStage :revenue-1, :layer-6, :operator-1 ;
    :evidences :implication-1, :implication-2, :implication-3, :implication-4 ;
    schema:isPartOf :erasSection .

:era-printing a :Era ;
    schema:name "Printing"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Printing"@en ;
    schema:position 4 ;
    schema:temporalCoverage "East Asia, 7th–8th centuries; Europe, c. 1450s (Library of Congress)"@en ;
    :landmarkYear 1450 ;
    :constraintLabel "Copy scale"@en ;
    :constraintFamily :fam-0 ;
    :technology <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Printing> ;
    schema:mentions <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Library_of_Congress>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Printing>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Printing_press> ;
    :addressesConstraint "Hand copying limits speed, volume and consistency."@en ;
    :beneficiaries "Schools, religion, science, commerce, public debate"@en ;
    :businessModel "Selling books and pamphlets"@en ;
    :infrastructureInputs "Presses, type, paper, ink, distribution"@en ;
    :hardwareDevices "Presses, typesetting gear"@en ;
    :operatorsEnablers "Printers, publishers, booksellers, authors, distributors"@en ;
    :coveredByStage :revenue-2, :layer-6, :operator-2 ;
    :evidences :implication-1, :implication-2, :implication-3, :implication-4 ;
    schema:isPartOf :erasSection .

:era-steam a :Era ;
    schema:name "Steam engine"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Steam engine"@en ;
    schema:position 5 ;
    schema:temporalCoverage "Newcomen engine, 1712; Watt's condenser patent, 1769 (Science Museum)"@en ;
    :landmarkYear 1712 ;
    :constraintLabel "Fixed power"@en ;
    :constraintFamily :fam-1 ;
    :technology <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Steam_engine> ;
    schema:mentions <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Newcomen_atmospheric_engine>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Watt_steam_engine>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Science_Museum,_London>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Steam_engine> ;
    :addressesConstraint "Power is fixed in place and limited by muscle."@en ;
    :beneficiaries "Mining, manufacturing, trade, travel"@en ;
    :businessModel "Engine sales and leases; fares and freight"@en ;
    :infrastructureInputs "Coal, iron, steel, machine shops, railways, ports"@en ;
    :hardwareDevices "Stationary engines, locomotives, steamships"@en ;
    :operatorsEnablers "Engine makers, railroads, shipping lines, repairers"@en ;
    :coveredByStage :revenue-2, :layer-6, :operator-3 ;
    :evidences :implication-1, :implication-2, :implication-3, :implication-4 ;
    schema:isPartOf :erasSection .

:era-telegraphy a :Era ;
    schema:name "Telegraphy"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Telegraphy"@en ;
    schema:position 6 ;
    schema:temporalCoverage "1830s; first public Morse message, 1844"@en ;
    :landmarkYear 1844 ;
    :constraintLabel "Info speed"@en ;
    :constraintFamily :fam-2 ;
    :technology <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Telegraphy> ;
    schema:mentions <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Morse_code>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Telegraphy> ;
    :addressesConstraint "News moves no faster than its carrier."@en ;
    :beneficiaries "Trade, government, press, railways, finance"@en ;
    :businessModel "Message fees, equipment, network services"@en ;
    :infrastructureInputs "Lines, poles, stations, power, trained operators"@en ;
    :hardwareDevices "Keys, relays, receivers"@en ;
    :operatorsEnablers "Telegraph companies, news agencies, railways"@en ;
    :coveredByStage :revenue-3, :layer-4, :layer-5, :operator-4 ;
    :evidences :implication-1, :implication-2, :implication-3, :implication-4 ;
    schema:isPartOf :erasSection .

:era-combustion a :Era ;
    schema:name "Combustion engine"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Combustion engine"@en ;
    schema:position 7 ;
    schema:temporalCoverage "1860s; four-stroke engine, 1876 (National Diet Library of Japan)"@en ;
    :landmarkYear 1876 ;
    :constraintLabel "Fixed routes"@en ;
    :constraintFamily :fam-1 ;
    :technology <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Internal_combustion_engine> ;
    schema:mentions <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Four-stroke_engine>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/National_Diet_Library>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Internal_combustion_engine> ;
    :addressesConstraint "Travel and freight are bound to fixed routes and timetables."@en ;
    :beneficiaries "Retail, logistics, leisure, commuting"@en ;
    :businessModel "Vehicle sales and finance; fuel, repair, insurance, dealers"@en ;
    :infrastructureInputs "Steel, oil, fuel, roads, parts"@en ;
    :hardwareDevices "Cars, trucks, motorcycles"@en ;
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    :operatorsEnablers "IBM and other vendors, integrators, service firms"@en ;
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    :operatorsEnablers "Carriers, app stores, iOS, Android"@en ;
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    :infrastructureInputs "Cloud, data centers, power, networking, training and inference data"@en ;
    :hardwareDevices "GPUs, CPUs, servers, accelerators"@en ;
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    schema:text "Patronage paid the scribes. Sales paid the engine makers. Fees, advertising, commissions and metering followed. Agents may charge for outcomes. Each step prices something closer to what the customer actually wanted."@en ;
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    schema:text "The telegraph needed power and lines. The internet needed telecoms. Generative AI needs data centers and electricity. Agents add identity and authorized access on top. A new layer arrives faster when the layers beneath it are already in place."@en ;
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    schema:text "Scribes and temples held the pen. Printers held the press. Telegraph and telephone companies held the wire, broadcasters the airwaves. Platforms and app stores held the audience. Model providers and clouds hold the compute. Agent runtimes and data-space operators are the next gatekeepers."@en ;
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    rdfs:label "Agents shift the bottleneck from capability to trust."@en ;
    schema:text "Every earlier difficulty was about doing something. The agent row is about letting it be done: integration, permission, reliability, accountability. The infrastructure it lists, identity and authorized access, is the product. The next advantage is likely to sit with whoever makes those checkable."@en ;
    schema:description "Interpretation of the AI agents row."@en ;
    schema:position 5 ;
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    schema:accountablePerson <https://www.linkedin.com/in/kidehen#this> ;
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    schema:isPartOf :implicationsSection .

:howtoSection a schema:HowTo ;
    schema:name "Six questions for the next technology"@en ;
    schema:description "Ask the questions in order. The sixth answer is the next brief."@en ;
    schema:step :howto-step-1, :howto-step-2, :howto-step-3, :howto-step-4, :howto-step-5, :howto-step-6 ;
    schema:hasPart :howto-step-1, :howto-step-2, :howto-step-3, :howto-step-4, :howto-step-5, :howto-step-6 ;
    schema:isPartOf :analysis .

:howto-step-1 a schema:HowToStep ;
    schema:name "What is the constraint?"@en ;
    schema:text "Say it in one plain sentence. If you cannot, the idea is not ready."@en ;
    schema:position 1 ;
    schema:isPartOf :howtoSection .

:howto-step-2 a schema:HowToStep ;
    schema:name "Who feels it most?"@en ;
    schema:text "Name the first beneficiaries. They adopt early and pay first."@en ;
    schema:position 2 ;
    schema:isPartOf :howtoSection .

:howto-step-3 a schema:HowToStep ;
    schema:name "Who pays, and for what unit?"@en ;
    schema:text "Per copy, per message, per month, per call, per outcome."@en ;
    schema:position 3 ;
    schema:isPartOf :howtoSection .

:howto-step-4 a schema:HowToStep ;
    schema:name "What must already exist beneath it?"@en ;
    schema:text "Power, networks, compute, identity. What is missing is your risk."@en ;
    schema:position 4 ;
    schema:isPartOf :howtoSection .

:howto-step-5 a schema:HowToStep ;
    schema:name "Who will run it?"@en ;
    schema:text "Find where control sits. That is where the margin and the regulation go."@en ;
    schema:position 5 ;
    schema:isPartOf :howtoSection .

:howto-step-6 a schema:HowToStep ;
    schema:name "What new constraint does it expose?"@en ;
    schema:text "Every answer to question one raises a new question one. Agents expose trust."@en ;
    schema:position 6 ;
    schema:isPartOf :howtoSection .

:faqSection a schema:FAQPage ;
    schema:name "Frequently asked questions"@en ;
    schema:mainEntity :q1, :q2, :q3, :q4, :q5, :q6, :q7, :q8, :q9, :q10, :q11, :q12, :q13, :q14 ;
    schema:hasPart :q1, :q2, :q3, :q4, :q5, :q6, :q7, :q8, :q9, :q10, :q11, :q12, :q13, :q14 ;
    schema:isPartOf :analysis .

:q1 a schema:Question ;
    schema:name "What does the table claim each technology did?"@en ;
    schema:position 1 ;
    schema:acceptedAnswer :a1 ;
    schema:isPartOf :faqSection .

:a1 a schema:Answer ;
    schema:text "Each technology removed one named constraint, and beneficiaries, a business model, infrastructure, devices and operators grew around it. The 15 rows run from spoken language to AI agents."@en ;
    schema:parentItem :q1 .

:q2 a schema:Question ;
    schema:name "What are the six moves?"@en ;
    schema:position 2 ;
    schema:acceptedAnswer :a2 ;
    schema:isPartOf :faqSection .

:a2 a schema:Answer ;
    schema:text "Constraint, beneficiaries, business model, infrastructure, hardware and operators. The table reads left to right in that order, and the sequence repeats in every era."@en ;
    schema:parentItem :q2 .

:q3 a schema:Question ;
    schema:name "Why is the timeline logarithmic?"@en ;
    schema:position 3 ;
    schema:acceptedAnswer :a3 ;
    schema:isPartOf :faqSection .

:a3 a schema:Answer ;
    schema:text "Equal distances show equal ratios of time before 2026, not equal numbers of years. A linear axis would squeeze the last 150 years, where most landmarks sit, into a sliver."@en ;
    schema:parentItem :q3 .

:q4 a schema:Question ;
    schema:name "Which dates are approximate?"@en ;
    schema:position 4 ;
    schema:acceptedAnswer :a4 ;
    schema:isPartOf :faqSection .

:a4 a schema:Answer ;
    schema:text "Television is placed at about 1935 for its 1930s regular service. Spoken language is undated and sits at the left edge. Every other dot uses one landmark year taken from the table."@en ;
    schema:parentItem :q4 .

:q5 a schema:Question ;
    schema:name "How do constraints change over time?"@en ;
    schema:position 5 ;
    schema:acceptedAnswer :a5 ;
    schema:isPartOf :faqSection .

:a5 a schema:Answer ;
    schema:text "Early technologies fought memory, copying and muscle. Mid-era ones fought distance and audience size. The latest fight scarce expertise and the cost of coordinating action. The five-family grouping is an editorial reading."@en ;
    schema:parentItem :q5 .

:q6 a schema:Question ;
    schema:name "How do business models change over time?"@en ;
    schema:position 6 ;
    schema:acceptedAnswer :a6 ;
    schema:isPartOf :faqSection .

:a6 a schema:Answer ;
    schema:text "From patronage and institutional funding, through sales and leases, usage fees, advertising and licensing, platform commissions and metered use, toward possible outcome-based fees for agents. This simplifies where each era's revenue is first anchored."@en ;
    schema:parentItem :q6 .

:q7 a schema:Question ;
    schema:name "Which technologies depend on electric power?"@en ;
    schema:position 7 ;
    schema:acceptedAnswer :a7 ;
    schema:isPartOf :faqSection .

:a7 a schema:Answer ;
    schema:text "The table lists power or electricity as an input for the telegraph, telephone, radio, television, computer and generative AI."@en ;
    schema:parentItem :q7 .

:q8 a schema:Question ;
    schema:name "What does generative AI need beneath it?"@en ;
    schema:position 8 ;
    schema:acceptedAnswer :a8 ;
    schema:isPartOf :faqSection .

:a8 a schema:Answer ;
    schema:text "Cloud, data centers, power, networking, and training and inference data, running on GPUs, CPUs, servers and accelerators."@en ;
    schema:parentItem :q8 .

:q9 a schema:Question ;
    schema:name "Who runs each technology?"@en ;
    schema:position 9 ;
    schema:acceptedAnswer :a9 ;
    schema:isPartOf :faqSection .

:a9 a schema:Answer ;
    schema:text "Operators move from scribes, schools and temples, through printers, industrial firms, network operators and broadcasters, to platforms, carriers, cloud and model providers, and now agent runtimes and data-space operators."@en ;
    schema:parentItem :q9 .

:q10 a schema:Question ;
    schema:name "What is different about AI agents?"@en ;
    schema:position 10 ;
    schema:acceptedAnswer :a10 ;
    schema:isPartOf :faqSection .

:a10 a schema:Answer ;
    schema:text "Their difficulty is not doing something but letting it be done: integration, permission, reliability and accountability. Their infrastructure adds identity and authorized access."@en ;
    schema:parentItem :q10 .

:q11 a schema:Question ;
    schema:name "Where does the earliest writing date come from?"@en ;
    schema:position 11 ;
    schema:acceptedAnswer :a11 ;
    schema:isPartOf :faqSection .

:a11 a schema:Answer ;
    schema:text "The table gives c. 3300-3200 BCE for the earliest known writing systems and cites the British Museum."@en ;
    schema:parentItem :q11 .

:q12 a schema:Question ;
    schema:name "Where do the hyperlinks point?"@en ;
    schema:position 12 ;
    schema:acceptedAnswer :a12 ;
    schema:isPartOf :faqSection .

:a12 a schema:Answer ;
    schema:text "Linked terms use DBpedia resource IDs, each checked against the live DBpedia endpoint. API, gig economy, telecommunications company and web search engine were left unlinked because their DBpedia entries are redirects or disambiguation pages."@en ;
    schema:parentItem :q12 .

:q13 a schema:Question ;
    schema:name "Which parts are interpretation rather than evidence?"@en ;
    schema:position 13 ;
    schema:acceptedAnswer :a13 ;
    schema:isPartOf :faqSection .

:a13 a schema:Answer ;
    schema:text "The five implications, the five constraint families and the revenue, infrastructure and operator groupings are editorial readings of the table, not claims from its sources."@en ;
    schema:parentItem :q13 .

:q14 a schema:Question ;
    schema:name "How do I apply the pattern to a new technology?"@en ;
    schema:position 14 ;
    schema:acceptedAnswer :a14 ;
    schema:isPartOf :faqSection .

:a14 a schema:Answer ;
    schema:text "Ask six questions in order: what is the constraint, who feels it most, who pays and for what unit, what must already exist beneath it, who will run it, and what new constraint it exposes."@en ;
    schema:parentItem :q14 .

:glossarySection a schema:DefinedTermSet, skos:ConceptScheme ;
    schema:name "Glossary"@en ;
    schema:hasDefinedTerm :term-constraint, :term-beneficiaries, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Business_model>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Infrastructure>, :term-operators, :term-constraint-family, :term-landmark-year, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Logarithmic_scale>, :term-metered-use, :term-outcome-fees, :term-data-space, :term-agent-runtime, :term-authorized-access, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Accountability>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Generative_artificial_intelligence>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Large_language_model>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Intelligent_agent> ;
    schema:isPartOf :analysis .

:term-constraint a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "Constraint"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "Constraint"@en ;
    schema:description "The difficulty a technology removes, stated in plain words. In the table it is the Difficulty column."@en ;
    skos:definition "The difficulty a technology removes, stated in plain words. In the table it is the Difficulty column."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .

:term-beneficiaries a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "Beneficiaries"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "Beneficiaries"@en ;
    schema:description "The people and sectors that gained most, first."@en ;
    skos:definition "The people and sectors that gained most, first."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .

<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Business_model> a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "Business model"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "Business model"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Business model"@en ;
    schema:description "How money flows around a technology: sales, fees, advertising, commissions, metering."@en ;
    skos:definition "How money flows around a technology: sales, fees, advertising, commissions, metering."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .

<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Infrastructure> a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "Infrastructure"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "Infrastructure"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Infrastructure"@en ;
    schema:description "What had to exist beneath the technology: power, networks, materials, data centers, identity."@en ;
    skos:definition "What had to exist beneath the technology: power, networks, materials, data centers, identity."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .

:term-operators a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "Operators"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "Operators"@en ;
    schema:description "The organizations that run a technology and hold its control points."@en ;
    skos:definition "The organizations that run a technology and hold its control points."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .

:term-constraint-family a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "Constraint family"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "Constraint family"@en ;
    schema:description "One of five editorial groupings of constraints: memory and copying, power and motion, speed and reach, access, expertise and coordination."@en ;
    skos:definition "One of five editorial groupings of constraints: memory and copying, power and motion, speed and reach, access, expertise and coordination."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .

:term-landmark-year a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "Landmark year"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "Landmark year"@en ;
    schema:description "The single year used to place a technology on the timeline, taken from the table's dates."@en ;
    skos:definition "The single year used to place a technology on the timeline, taken from the table's dates."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .

<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Logarithmic_scale> a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "Logarithmic scale"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "Logarithmic scale"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Logarithmic scale"@en ;
    schema:description "An axis on which equal distances show equal ratios, not equal differences."@en ;
    skos:definition "An axis on which equal distances show equal ratios, not equal differences."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .

:term-metered-use a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "Metered use"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "Metered use"@en ;
    schema:description "Charging per unit consumed, such as per API call. The table lists it for generative AI."@en ;
    skos:definition "Charging per unit consumed, such as per API call. The table lists it for generative AI."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .

:term-outcome-fees a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "Outcome-based fees"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "Outcome-based fees"@en ;
    schema:description "Charging for a result rather than for access or usage. The table lists them as possible for AI agents."@en ;
    skos:definition "Charging for a result rather than for access or usage. The table lists them as possible for AI agents."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .

:term-data-space a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "Data space"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "Data space"@en ;
    schema:description "A private or public body of data that agents create and use. The table names data-space operators among agent enablers."@en ;
    skos:definition "A private or public body of data that agents create and use. The table names data-space operators among agent enablers."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .

:term-agent-runtime a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "Agent runtime"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "Agent runtime"@en ;
    schema:description "The software environment in which an AI agent executes. The table lists agent runtimes and harnesses among agent operators."@en ;
    skos:definition "The software environment in which an AI agent executes. The table lists agent runtimes and harnesses among agent operators."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .

:term-authorized-access a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "Authorized access"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "Authorized access"@en ;
    schema:description "Permission, checked at the point of use, to reach a system or data. The table lists it as agent infrastructure."@en ;
    skos:definition "Permission, checked at the point of use, to reach a system or data. The table lists it as agent infrastructure."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .

<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Accountability> a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "Accountability"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "Accountability"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Accountability"@en ;
    schema:description "The ability to say who did what, and on whose authority. The table names it among the agent challenges."@en ;
    skos:definition "The ability to say who did what, and on whose authority. The table names it among the agent challenges."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .

<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Generative_artificial_intelligence> a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "Generative AI"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "Generative AI"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Generative artificial intelligence"@en ;
    schema:description "AI that produces language, code and media. The table dates its broad public uptake to 2022."@en ;
    skos:definition "AI that produces language, code and media. The table dates its broad public uptake to 2022."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .

<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Large_language_model> a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "Large language model"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "Large language model"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Large language model"@en ;
    schema:description "The kind of generative AI model that produces and works with language. The table groups it under generative AI."@en ;
    skos:definition "The kind of generative AI model that produces and works with language. The table groups it under generative AI."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .

<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Intelligent_agent> a schema:DefinedTerm, skos:Concept ;
    schema:name "AI agent"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "AI agent"@en ;
    rdfs:label "Intelligent agent"@en ;
    schema:description "An AI system that acts across tools and systems on a user's behalf. The table treats agents as the newest era."@en ;
    skos:definition "An AI system that acts across tools and systems on a user's behalf. The table treats agents as the newest era."@en ;
    skos:inScheme :glossarySection ;
    schema:inDefinedTermSet :glossarySection .